Combined type-writing and computing machine.



H. L. PITMAN.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV-27,1914.

14,263,339. Patented Apr. 16, 1918.

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7 ATTORN UNITED STATES PATIENT OFFICE- HENRY L. PITMAN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO UNDERWOOD COM- v I I PU'I'ING- MACHINE COMPANY, OE NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

comnmnn 'rYrn-wm'rmenrrn COMPUTING MACHINE;

Application filed November 27, 1914. Serial No. 874,127.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY L. PI'rMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing in East Orange, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Type- Writing and Computing Machines, of

which the following is a speclfication.

This invention relates to computing ma,

chines, particularly combined typewriting and computing machines, and is illustrated for convenience as applied to the machine illustrated in Patent No. 1,045,434, granted to me November 26, 1912. One feature of the invention relates to the carry-over mechanism, whereby tens are either carried or borrowed.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide simple and effective means for ,carrymg over, particularly when provision must be made for carrying simultaneously along a large number of wheels. It is sometimes desirable that there should be a certain looseness and play between the parts; but when this playfis multiplied throughout along series of wheels, the last wheel is liable not to be sufliciently rotated.

'Any ordinary carry-over mechanism will.

answer for carrying tens simultaneously alon five number wheels, or even six with suita le spring detents or just'ifiers';'- but it is often desired to employ as many as nine number wheelsin a totalizer; and one of the objectsof this invention is to provide a carry-over mechanism which 'w1ll prove efiicient'for a totalizer having nine or even more wheels. I

As shown in said patent, a master Wheel is provided for 'a set of computing wheels,

and provision is made for relative step-bystep movement between the master'wheel The carryingove'r according to thepre'sent invention is effected by means of a gang of idle pinions, which are associated with the master wheel in such a way that a relative step-by-step movement is produced between the gang of computing wheels on the one hand, and the master wheel with a gang of carry-overpinions on the other hand; the carry-over pinion adjacent the master wheel being integral with a sleeve on which the other carry-over pinions are'frictionally mounted; the sleeve in turn is loosely supported on the same shaft which carries and drives the master carry-over pinions ever stand at the right of the master wheel, since all of the carrying is done toward the left, proceeding from the master wheel. During the relative stepby-step movements between the number Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 16, 1918'- 4 wheels and the gang of carry-over pinions, the latter move successively into engagement with different number wheels, but there are always carry-over trains ready foroperating on all the number wheels. of

' higher denomination than that which is enga ed by the master wheel at any time.

ccording to one feature of the present invention, the lowest carry-over pinion, that is, the one immediately to the left of the master wheel, is providedwith a leftward annular extension forming a sleeve on which the higher carry-over pinions are mounted,

with provision for a frictional drive between the sleeve and each of these higher carry-over pinions. These pinions normally revolve idly, but when a-number wheel is moving from 9 to O it couples the next 7 higher number wheel to one of said pinions. The lowest pinion is, of course, actuated each time a carry-over is eifected by the rotation of the master wheel and when, at suchtime, other carry-overs among the higher orders are required, part or all of the torque needed to enable the respective pinion to drive the respective number wheel is furnished through the frictional drive between the sleeved lowest pinion and the pinion in question.

Each number wheel'or computing wheel has a carry-over tooth which'may resemble the carry-over tooth common in this art, and may rotate into mesh with the teeth of one of the carry-over, pinions; The lowest or right-hand pinion, of course, rotates with every carry-over, and since this pinion is driven from themasterwheel driven numeral wheel, the lost motion in driving said sleeved pinion is negligible. By. virtue of 'the frictional drive between this sleeved pinion and the pinions carrying to higher orders, a substantially simultaneous carry may be effected through the entire series of denominations, Without danger of an insufiicient rotation of the highest numeral wheels. Since it becomes unnecessary to rely very much upon the usual spring detent or justifier to complete the movement of the highest Wheels, it follows that the'labor of rotating a large number of wheels simultaneously at a carry-over operation may be reduced, so that it becomes more feasible to operate the number wheels by direct drive from the keys of a typewriter. When not driven the number wheels are normally locked by a bail universal to all of them, which, however, at the striking of any numeral key is released to permit the rotation of any number wheel which happens to be in register with the master wheel. Other locks, however, comeinto play for all number wheels above the master-wheel-engaging number wheel, which will yield under control from the number wheel next below when the latter comes to zero, so as to enable a tens-carrying operation.

Other features and advantages will here inafter appear.

In the accompanying drawing,

Figu Patent No. 1,045,434, but showing the pres ent improvements applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a part sectional view toillustrate the details of the carry-over trains.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view. of master wheel, sleeved carry-over pinion and one of the higher recessed carry-over pinions, together with a referred form of frictional drive between t e sleeved pinion and the recessed pinion. In this view the-parts are partly disassembled.

Fig. 4 is a sectional side elevation illustrating the position of the parts at: the beginning of a carry-over operation.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4,-and illustrating the position of the parts at the completion of a carry-over operation.

Fig. 6 is apart'sectional view similar to Fig. 2, but illustrating a modification.

' able. extents, as determined by the nprneral Fig. 7 is-a detail of Fig. 6. f

In Fig. 1 is shown a master wheel 1 fixed upon a revoluble shaft 2, driven by a gear 3, as shown in said above-mentioned patent, to which reference is made for explanation of features not shown or explained herein. This gear 3 may connect to the numeral keys of a typewriter, or to other source of power, for driving the master wheel shaft 2 varikeys operated. Step-by-step feeding movement is effected between the master wheel 1 and a gang of number or computing wheels re 1 is a view similar to Fig. 3 of said 4 by means disclosed in said patent; said master wheel meshing in succession with gears 5, each fixed to a number wheel, for turning the same.

The carryin from number wheel to number wheel is e ected by idle wheels or pinions 6, 7, loosely mounted, and meshing with the gears 5 to drive the latter. In other words, the idle pinions 6, 7, may form a connection betweenone number wheel and the number wheel ofnext higher denomination. On each number wheel may be provided a carry-over tooth 8, which once in each revolution will mesh with an idle pinion 6, 7,

whereby the latter is caused to rotate and hence drive the gear 5 of the next higher number wheel, thus advancing the latter one point.

The idle pinions are journaled on the master wheel shaft 2, and form a bank or gang, relatively to which there is effected the usual step-by-step movement of the'number over operation, owing to the desirability of having all of the partsloosely fitted in order to economize in manufacture. This difli culty is due to the accumulation of pla in a 'lon train of gearing, with the result t at'if it e attempted to carry on all number wheels at the same time, the highest wheel in the ang might fail to turn far enough. This difiiculty, of course, would not occur where there are'only a few number wheels in a totalizer. One of the methods heretofore adopted for overcoming this difficulty is to use spring detents or justifiers 8 which bring the number wheels to proper positions.

In order to avoid the necessity of relying I wholly or mainly upon these'sprin'g detents (although it is obvious that spring detents may housed on the number wheels here shown, if desired), and to guard against the above-mentioned difiiculties and vention provides a frictional drive between the carry-over pinion 7 adjacent the master wheel, and the carry-over pinions 6 to the left of this lower-order carry-over pinion 7. This is preferably effected by providing upon the lowest-order pinion 7 a leftwardly extendin sleeve 9 fitting loosely about .01- 'ournaled 'on the master wheel shaft 2.

oosely mountedupon or journaled on this sleeve, between the pinion 7 and a, suitable insure proper carrying-at all times, the present inretaining flange revoluble with the sleeved pinion 7 (Figs. 1 and 2), are the rotated to effect a carry-over.

carryover pinions 6, each cut away or rabbeted as at 11 (Fig. 3) to provide space for a radially expanding leaf spring 12, one end 13 of which is frictlonally mounted on and bears against the sleeve 9, the outer end 14 of each spring bearing against the outer wall 15 of the recess 11, in such a; way as to transmit a limited torque from the sleeve 9 to the pinion 6 whenever the lowest carryover pinion '7 integral with the sleeve is The function of these frictional devices 12 is to drive one point a number ofthe wheels of higher denomination than the wheel above the one opposite the master wheel; the wheel directly above the master wheel is driven in the carry-over operation through the sleeved pinion 7 from the carry-over tooth 8 of the numeral wheel in engagement with the master wheel, and in this drive, the lost motion is so small as to be negligible. In order, however, to prevent the accumulation of successive-lost motions when the carryover extends through a number of denominations, the friction drive between the lowest pinion and the higher pinions is provided. In this way there can be no lagging back of the higher wheels, and hence tens can be substantially simultaneously carried on all of the number wheels without encountering the difiiculty above explained.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that when the drive shaft 2 and the master wheel 1 are rotated, the gear 5 in mesh with the master wheel is turned accordingly, together mesh with the master wheel 1, as explained.

in said patent. Whenever any number wheel 4 is completing a rotation, its carryover tooth 8 meshes with one of the idle pinions 6, 7; and through the toothed: engagement between the pinion 6 or 7 and the next higher numeral wheel gear 5, the latter is turned one point, while the parts movefrom the Fig. 4 position to the Fig. 5 position, or vice versa. If several of the number wheels stand at 9 when carrying takes place, the frictional drive from the sleeved pinion 7 to the higher pinion 6 becomes important, because full strokes of all the number wheels in moving from 9 to 0 are thereby secured, and no difliculty arises even if there is 'looseness of the parts. Owing to the avoidance of the necessity for dependmg mainly on s ring detents, the operation of the wheels is bound to be very light, thus making the invention very desirable for use with key-driven number wheels; although it is obvious that light spring detents or j-ustifiers 8 may be employed in connection ions 6 are. mounted to cooperate. suitably with the lowest pinion 7.

When it is desired to effect subtraction,

the direction of rotation of the master Wheel shaft 2 may be reversed and other c0mputations may be performed, as explained in said patent. When subtraction is being performed, the carry-over teeth 8 serve as couplers, in the manner already explained in connection with addition.

Normally, all the number wheels 4 are locked against rotation when none of the numeral keys are actuated, by a bail 18 universal to all of the number-wheels 4, and arranged to engage between the teeth of the gears 5. The bail 18 is secured to a rock shaft 19, held by a spring 20 in such a position that the bail 18 will engage between teeth of the gears 5, preventing any rotation whatsoever until a numeral key is struck. When a numeral key is actuated, a locking dog 21, which is similar to the locking dog 54 described in the above-mentioned patent, will not only come between the teeth of a rack 22, but will also engage a bail 23 extending the full length of the series of number wheels. 'The bail 23 is secured to the shaft'19, so that the dog 21 will rock the shaft 19 against the tension of the spring 20, thereby moving the\ bail 18 out of engagement with all of the gears 5, permitting v the number wheels 4 to rotate.

One of the number wheels 4 will be in register with the master wheel 1, so that it ment of one step. For this purpose, there is provided a series of pawls or dogs 24, each pivotally mounted as at 25, on a -floating lever 26 pivoted at 27. The floating'lever 26 for the number-wheel 4 in register with the master wheel is free to rise and fall, thereby permitting the dog 24 to be cammed out from between the teeth of the associated gear 5. The floating levers 26 for all higher number wheels, however, are locked against upward movement by a stationary locking bar 28, which extends justshort of the master wheel 1, along the number wheels 4, so as to take in all of the number wheels which extend above the particular one in register with the master wheel. 1

Now, then, the only way in which the dogs 24 can release their number wheels 4,

is by rocking about their pivots 25; this is surface of the next lower number wheel so.

that the dog 24 cannot rock out from between the' teeth of the gear 5 of this number wheel 4.

' When, however, a number wheel of lowerdenomination comes to such a point that it will exhibit 0, that is, as it makes acom- I pleterevolution, the tail 29 underthe influence of gravity or by the camming action of the-wheel 5 onits tooth 24, may drop into a depression 30 found in this number wheel,- so that as the tens-carrying mechanism, in-

cluding a carry-over tooth 8. and a carryover wheel 6 or 7 acts, the dog 24 will be free to swing about its pivot 25 to permit merely a one-step movement of its number wheel which is next higher; in denomination to the number wheel ust having completed a revolution. As soon as zero is passed in the number wheel oflower denomination, the tall 29 rides out of the depression 30 onto the periphery of the number wheel, I

preventing any further rotation of the next higher number wheel.

We have, then, the number iwheels locked at all times except when computing, that is, when a numeral key is in action, and also all number wheels of higher denomination than, the particular number wheel in re ister with the master wheel locked, even w en a computlng' operation is going on, except when the next lower number wheelis completing a revolution to effect a tens-carrying operatio Inasm ch as this improvement is generally used in connection with a combined typewntin and computing machine, wherein the num ers are written at the same time that they are computed, allowance must be made for the punctuation or pointing off of spaces, as the numbers .may be written thus,999,999.99. That is to say, allowance must be made for the comma spacing the I hundreds from the thousands, and the decimal point betvgaen dollars and cents.

cated specifically at 31 (Fig. 2), and the hundreds of dollars wheels, indicated specifically at 32, are made double the width' of the other number wheels. On these broad number wheels 31 and 32, the tens-carrying tooth 8, which acts as a coupler, is located at the extreme left of each broad number wheel, so as to stand clear of an'intermeally outward, are replace springs 41 mounted to exert an axial force To do this, the tens of cents wheel, 'india whole travels, all of the carry-over wheels 6, 7, will be idle at some time or other.

In order to prevent accidental rotation of these idle carry-over wheels, 6, 7, when not in mesh with any of the gears 5,' and in order to holdthem in a. 'ustified position ready to come into mesh with the gears 5 at a subsequent relative movement, there are rovided a plurality of locks 33 and 34, one or each punctuation space allowed for. These locks 33 and 34 travel'with the series of number wheels 4, and are located so as to come into engagement with whatever carry-over wheels 6, 7, are in register with the spaces corresponding to the extra width of the number wheels allowing for the punctuation marks.

In the-modification illustrated in Figs. 6

and 7 the leaf springs 12, ex anding radiby .torsion of expansion between each of the higher carry-over pinions 6 and the flanged portion 42 of the sleeve 43 associated therewith.

These flanged sleeves 43 are splined as-at 44.

to the sleeved pinion 7.ad acent the master devices is limited by a flanged sleeve 10 revoluble with and fast to the sleeved pinion 7. As will be clear from Figs, 6 and 7 of the drawings, the operation of this embodiment is the same as that of the preferred embodiment of Figs. 1 to 5', except that in 'Figs. 6 and 7 the springs 41 exert a force axially of the master wheel shaft 2 to effect a frictional drive between the higher carryover pinions 6 and the flanged sleeves 43 revoluble with the sleeved pinions 7, whereas in Figs. 1 to 5, the springs 12 exert a pressure radially of the master wheel shaft 2 to 'efi'ect a frictional drive between the higher pinions 6 and the sleeved pinion 7 directly.

It is thus evident that in both of the illustrated embodiments of the invention, the carry-over will take lace without fall from the lowest number w eel to the highest, even when all are going from 9 to 0 at the same time, and that all of the parts w1ll be locked against accidental action when not being positively driven, or when their time for action has not arrived.

Variations-may be resorted .to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the im rovements may be used without others. aving described my invention, I claim: 1.' In a computing machine, the combination with a series of computing wheels, of a rotatable driving member, means for rotating said driving member-during each carry-over operation, carry-over wheels, a frictional driving. connection afrom said driving member to each of said carry-over wheels, and a coupler secured to each of said computing wheel's adapted to establish, through an opposite carry-over wheel, a driving connection to an adjacent computing wheel of next higher order.

2. A' computing apparatus combining a series of computing wheels, a gear for each of said computing wheels, carry-over wheels which said springs are mounted, andcou-' arranged to mesh with said gears, a sleeved member, means for rotating said member during a carry-over, a shaft extending loosely through said member for so rotating it, means for frictionally mounting said carry-over wheels on said member, and a coupler on each of said computing wheels arranged to mesh with one of said carryover wheels.

3, A-computing apparatus combining a series of number wheels, a series of carryover wheels for said number wheels, a sleeved member rotating during each carryover and extending loosely through said carry-over wheels, and a frictional drive between said member and each of said carryover wheels. 1

4, A computing ap aratus combining a series of number wheei s, a member rotating during each carry-over, a series of carryover wheels sleeved on said member, a shaft extending through said member, springs frictionally connecting each carry-pver wheel with said member, said carry-over,

wheels being rabbeted to form a casing in plers on said number wheels engaging said carry-over wheels.

5. In a computing machine, the'combination with a series of computing wheels and a master wheel to operate said computing wheels in succession, of means for locking each computing wheel of higher order than the one at-any time engaged with the master wheel, said locking means for eachcomputing wheel being rendered ineifective while its neighboring computing wheel of next lower order is passing from its nine position to its zero position, a primary carry-over wheel to be brought into co'o'peratlve relation with each computing wheel as'it is engaged by the master wheel, a series of auxillary carry-over wheels to be brought successively into cooperative relation with computing wheels of higher order thantheone engaged by the master wheel as the master Wheel is successively broughtinto cooperative relation with computing wheels of lower and lower order, means for driving each computing wheel from a carry-over wheel opposite a computing wheel of next lower order, means for driving the primary carry-over wheel from the computing wheel engaged by the master wheel as said computing wheel passes from its nine position to its zero position, and .a frictional'drlving connection between the primary carry-overlwheel and a series of numeral keys, of key-driven carry-over mechanism for said computing wheels, parts of saidkey driven mechanism having a frictional driving relation with other parts thereof to reduce the cumulative effect of lost-motion during carry-over operations involving a number of successive computing wheels.

7. In a computing machine, the combination with a series of computing wheels, a master wheel for driving said computing wheels seriat'zlm, a shaft for driving said master wheel, a series of carry-over wheels for said computing wheels, said master Wheel and said carry-over Wheels forming a unit, and frictional means for driving said carry-over wheels during each carry-over.

8. A computing apparatus combining a series of number wheels, a master wheel for driving said number wheels serz'atim, a shaft for drlvlng sald master wheel, a series of carry-over wheels for said number wheels, a member rotatlng durmg each carry-over,

and coupling means for frictionally gearing each of said carry-over wheels with said member during the carry-over operation.

9. In a computing machine, the combination with a series of computing wheels and a series of numeral keys, of key-driven carryover devices for said computing wheels, and key driven frictional means tending to drive said carry-over device's simultaneously.

10. A computing apparatus combining a series of number wheels, a master wheel for driving said number wheels serz'atim, a shaft for driving said master wheel, carry-over mechanism including a sleeved gear on said master wheel shaft and other gears frictionally mounted on the sleeved portion of the first gear, and coupling means for ]O1Iling said gears together so as to limit the lost motion in a series carry-over to that normally inconnection with one number wheel, by connecting said sleeved gear d1- rectly to the master-wheel-driven number wheel.

11. A computing apparatus combininge series of computing wheels, some of said computing wheels being of extra width to allow for punctuation spaces, a serles of carry-over wheels of uniform width, a mem- 1'5 nism for said numberwheels'including a computing wheels for engaging the accord-' "extra-width computing wheels being spaced to render idle an intermediate carry-over wheel and thereby ineffective to couple such idle carry-over'wheels at the time such idle carry-over wheels are in register with the extra width of said extra-wldth computing wheels, and means positively-engaging sai I0t&tl0IlS' th8IGOf,- and to maintain such idle carry-over wheels-in justified positions.

. 12. A computing apparatus combinin a series of number wheels, a carry-over mec amember rotating during each carry-over, a series of carry-over wheels mounted on sand member,-and a spr ng for each of-said carryover wheels'engagiiig said member and exerting' a frictional force radially of the wheels, said springs being held in position by the next adjacent carry-over wheel.

13. A computing apparatus combining a series of'number wheels, a master wheel for driving said number wheels seriatim, carryover wheels, and a frictional drive between the carry-over wheel adjacent the master wheel and the other carry-over wheels for enabling a simultaneous series of carrying operations through said carry-over wheels from number wheels of lower denomination to the number wheels of next higher denomination.

14:. A computing apparatus combining a I series of computing wheels, a seriesof gears,

, means for 'frictionally driving the higher gears from the lowestgear in operation at the time, a master wheel for driving said computing wheels serz'atim, said gears meshing with all computin wheels above the master wheel, an individual lock for each computing wheel controlled from the next lower computing wheel to prevent rotation by the engaged gear of the next higher computing wheel than the controlling computing wheel, and means for preventing the release of said individual locks for all computing wheels higher than the computing wheel being driven by said master wheel except when the next lower computing wheel controlling any individual lock is passing to zero completing a revolution of such computing wheel.

15. A computing apparatus combining a series of computing wheels, each comprising a gear, a master wheel for driving said computing wheels sefiatz'm, carry-over wheels of uniform width meshing with said gears, a frictional drive from the carry-over wheel adj acen't the master wheel to each carry-over wheel of higher order, individual locks for said computing wheels controlled from the 3 next lower computing wheel to prevent rotation of the next, higher computin wheel than the controlling computing whee means for preventing the release of said individual Jocks for all computing wheels higher than lution of such computing wheel, thereby holding locked each carry-over wheel in idle carry-over wheels to prevent accidental mesh with a computing wheel, some of said computing wheels being of extra width to allow-for punctuation spaces, thereby leaving some of said carry-over wheels which are in re 'ster with the extra width of said extra-wi th computin wheels free from engagement with any 0 said gears, and locks for preventing rotation of such free carryover wheels by said frictional drive.

16. In-a computing machine, the combination with computing wheels and a master wheel for driving them, of carryover wheels, a shaft for driving said carry-over tion with computing wheels and carry-over wheels, of a shaft for driving said carryover wheels, and a spring for each carryover wheel between its wheel and said shaft, and frictionally engaging both the shaft and the carry-over wheel.

19. In a computing'machine, the combination with carry-over wheels and computing wheels, of means whereby each carry-over wheel is normally held locked, means normally tending to turn the carry-over wheel when any computing wheel is turned from its nine position to its zero position, and connections whereby any carry-over wheel which is to be effective, is unlocked to permit it to turn.

' '20. In a computing machine, the combination with computing wheels and a master wheel for driving them, of carry-over wheels, a shaft for driving said carry-over wheels, a spring between each carry-over wheel and said shaft for enabling its wheel to be driven thereby, and locking means adapted to be effective or ineffective for deteirmming when the carry-over shall take 21. a computing machine, the combinat10n w1th computing wheels andcarry-over devices therefor, of a shaft for driving said carry-over devices, a spring between each carry-over device and said shaft for selectively driving said carry-over devices, and locking means adapted to be efiective or ineffective for determining when the carryover shall take place.

22. In a computing machine, the combination with computing wheels and carry-over wheels, of a shaft for driving said carryover Wheels, a spring for each carry-over wheel between its wheel and said shaft, and frictionally engaging both the shaft and the carry-over wheel, and locking means adapted to be effective or ineffective for determining when the carry-over shall take place.

23. In a computing machine, the combination with a series of computing wheels, and a series of carry-over wheels, of a frictional driving connection from one carry-over wheel to other carry-over wheels of the series.

I 24. In a computing machine, the combination with a series of computing wheels and a primary carry-over wheel to which is imparted a carry-over step of rotation during each carry-over operation, of a series of auxiliary carry-over wheels, and a frictional driving connection from the primary carryover wheel to each of the auxiliary carryover wheels.

25. In a computin machine, the combination with a series 0 computing wheels, of a primary carry-over wheel to which is imparted a carry-over step when any computing wheel passes its carryover position during a computing operation, and a series of auxiliary carry-over wheels, each carry-over wheel in position to take part in a computing operation having a driving connection with a computing wheel of next higher order, and each auxiliary carry-over wheel having a frictional driving connection from said primary carry-over wheel.

26. In a computing machine, the combination with a series of computing Wheels, a series of numeral keys, and a series of keydriven carry-over wheels, of a common driving member for a plurality of said carry-over wheels, said driving member being driven by the keys and having a constantly efi'ective frictional driving connection with said carryover wheels.

HENRY L. PITMAN. Witnesses:

W. O. WEs'rPHAL, DELOS G. HAYNES. 

